What are the five parts that make up the soul and which Divine Energies/Lights are they parallel to?
There are five parts to the soul:
It is said of the soul that it has five names—Nefesh (vital force), Ruach (spirit), Neshamah (soul), Chaya (higher spiritual vitality), and Yechidah (essential aspect).
Nefesh – represents the aspect of the soul which carries out deeds. This corresponds to the Divine energy of Malchus—Kingship.
Ruach – emotional powers of the soul, corresponding to the Divine Energies of the emotions, Zeir Anpin.
Neshamah – corresponds to the intellectual faculties of the soul, which is Chabad—acronym for Chochmah, Binah, and Daat.
Chaya – the soul’s faculty of will which is above the intellect faculties, it is on a peripheral level, corresponding to the external level of the (supernal) ‘Crown’ – Arich.
Yechidah – the very essence of the soul. It is written “Yechidah lyachedcha,” (to become unified with G d), signifying the essence of the soul that cleaves to the Creator and is unified with Him absolutely—corresponds to the internal aspect of the (supernal) ‘Crown’, Atik.