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Razones para la costumbre de no comer Kitniot en Pésaj

Nombre del rabino:

¿Podría explicar los orígenes del kitniot minhag soy ashkenazi las razones detrás de esto y si es algo que puedo cambiar? Me resulta muy difícil comprar o salir a comer durante Pésaj además lo más importante no voy a casa de mi hermana para el Seder pues se casó con un sefardí porque aunque sé que puedo comer con los mismos utensilios etc. la mayoría de la comida se cocina con kitniot y me siento mal pidiéndole a la familia de mi cuñado que cocine todo lo especial solo para mí. ¿Qué puedo hacer? ¿Es este el tipo de minhag que puedo cambiar? Además ¿por qué la comunidad rabínica no cambia esto si ya no es válido?

Primero aclaremos algunas cosas sobre el minhag costumbre antes de tratar con detalles. Hay una mitzvá de la Torá para donar cada año (durante el mes de Adar) medio siclo para los sacrificios públicos del próximo año si bien esto no se aplica ahora se ha desarrollado un minhag para dar una donación en memoria (zecher) de la práctica sin embargo debe quedar claro que es solo zecher; un intento de hacer un verdadero majazit hashekel produciría monedas hekdesh con santidad que no pueden usarse fuera del Beit Hamikdash. En particular este antiguo minhag (encontrado en el Mordejai hace más de 700 años) no fue citado por fuentes tan básicas como el Rambam y Shulján Aruj sino que está en el Rama (Oraj Jaim 694: 1). En algún momento de la historia los sefaradíes han adoptado el minhag (ver Kaf HaJaím ad loc. y Ialcut Iosef Moadim pp. 310-314). Uno podría haber esperado que uno diera una moneda de medio siclo (ver Biur Halajá ad loc.). sin embargo dado que la Torá en el maftir de la semana pasada menciona la palabra “terumá” tres veces en el primer año de donación cuando el Mishkán estaba siendo ensamblado hubo tres donaciones el Rama dice que dé tres monedas. La práctica habitual es dar la mitad de las denominaciones de la moneda local; el Rama menciona monedas específicas apropiadas en su tiempo en diferentes lugares en nuestro tiempo el medio shekel israelí y el medio dólar estadounidense son apropiados respectivamente dado que las monedas clásicas de los tiempos de Beit Hamikdash estaban hechas de plata hay shuls sinagogas que proporcionan monedas antiguas de medio dólar que contienen una cantidad suficiente de plata pero esto no es un requisito real estos shuls generalmente permiten a las personas comprar las monedas especiales por el precio que deseen y por supuesto donan las monedas a la “olla”. Algunos dicen que uno debe dar el valor de tres monedas cada una de las cuales vale la cantidad de medio siclo de la Torá aproximadamente 10 gramos de plata que sale en estos días a alrededor de $ 6 por moneda (Kaf Hajaím 694:20; ver Ialcut Iosef ibid.). Algunas personas aprovechan la oportunidad para hacer donaciones más significativas cualquier cosa por encima de la cantidad mínima de acuerdo con las diversas opiniones se puede tomar del dinero maaser Ialcut Iosef p. 314.
El Rama dice que sólo los hombres mayores de 20 años necesitan dar el majazit hashekel como el pasuk Shemot 30:14 parece indicar (ver Bartenura a Shekalim 1:3) por otro lado el Tosafot Iom Tov (a Shekalim 1: 4) dice que la participación en la donación para el korbanot se aplica a todos los adultos varones ya que el límite de edad se refiere a la donación única también mencionada por el pasuk la Mishná Berurá (694:5) señala que es costumbre dar incluso en nombre de las mujeres y los niños pequeños. Un compromiso razonable es que los hombres mayores de 20 años den la cantidad mayor para sí mismos y den la cantidad menor para aquellos cuya obligación se basa en un minhag estricto.
Hay varias opiniones sobre el momento óptimo para dar el majazit hashekel aunque la Mishná Berurá cita una opinión para hacerlo antes de la lectura matutina de Meguilát Ester el minhag más frecuente es darlo antes (o después) de Minjá el día antes de Purim que generalmente es Taanit Ester. De hecho el Kaf Hajaím (694:25) dice que en Minjá del ayuno es el momento apropiado para dar este dinero que será como tzedaká. Su implicación es que incluso los jerosolimitanos para quienes el día antes de Purim es el Purim de todos los demás darían el majazit hashekel en Taanit Ester sin embargo la práctica más frecuente parece ser que los jerosolimitanos lo den en el Minjá antes de su Purim excepto en un año de Purim Meshulash cuando lo dan en Taanit.Ester (=Jueves- Purim Mesaxo 2:1; ver Riv’vot Efraim II 194).

Fuentes

Oraj Jaim 694: 1.
Ialcut Iosef p. 314.
Bartenura a Shekalim 1:3.

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