Ask The Rabbi

Ask The Rabbi

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The Rav Name: Rabbi Yitzchak Arad

4. How can one rectify negative impressions that remain from the past?
Answer: Firstly we must remember what is written in Tanya, that a person who is at the level of ‘beinoni’ (one who doesn’t sin but still possesses an evil inclination) which is the common category, can control his thought, speech, and deed, but not necessarily his feelings. Therefore whoever has not entered the category of ‘righteous’, (meaning one who has mastered his emotions as well as his thought, speech, and deed,) has what to improve in the realm of emotion, and therefore has not necessarily ‘erased’ his past. Of course we have the responsibility to rectify our emotions, especially in the context of incidents that occurred due to our misuse of free choice, not just as a result of our inherent natures – which in any case must also be worked on.
Erasing negative impressions means that they must be ‘burned’ and ‘wiped out’. How do we do ‘burn’? Through fire. What is ‘holy fire’? Chassidut explains that the holy fire within a person, is when he arouses within himself a strong and forceful desire which says: “I want to be connected to HaShem! I am not willing to become disconnected, and be exposed or connected to all those negative scenes and impressions which are a part of the most external aspect of the world, and belong to the ‘husks’ (shells) of impurity. They are false imaginations, for they do not represent true existence, which is closeness and cleaving to G d, and fulfilling His will in the world.
As long as a person tells himself these things, in one manner or another, he arouses within himself a holy fire, and this holy fire burns and wipes out the evil images from his heart.
Another point from Tanya (the basic text of Chassidic thought by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi) that is important to emphasize, and which is also expressed in many letters from the Lubavitcher Rebbe, is that when a negative thought comes into a person’s mind, it is not necessary at all to address the thought, dwell on it, or relate to it, because someone who wrestles with an unsavoury character becomes affected by that person’s attributes, by virtue of his occupying himself with him. Even if the aim is to negate the thought, dwelling on it can make it more ‘real’ in one’s mind. So, as soon as a negative thought enters one’s mind, he must divert his attention from it as completely as possible, and divert his mind to a different topic, a topic which interests him and is close to his heart, and all the better if it’s in an area of holiness.
The concept mentioned above of arousing an internal will, forceful internal fire of the soul that wants to connect with HaShem, is a task incumbent on us in general, but not a direct remedy against the negative thoughts that affect us.
Aside from that, of course, the more a person is occupied with matters of Torah and Chassidut, Rebbe, holiness, its affects one in a peripheral way until it eventually lifts a person from the negative state he was in.
The Sages (of the Talmud) have promised us – “He who wishes to become purified, becomes helped (from above).” And certainly the Holy One Blessed be He sees the sincere will and positive desire of the person’s G dly soul, and aids him.
Another little tip, it is important to be involved with good deeds, the more the merrier! Also – to be always increasing in the performance of matters pertaining to holiness, this also causes detachment from negative matters. Sometimes even thoughts about how to fix the evil, come from the evil inclination that wishes us to be occupied with it, and ‘hopefully’ be sad on account of it. So it is preferable not to give in to its strategy, rather to serve G d with happiness and joy, with a positive look to the future. Best wishes!

B”H

 

Generations of Mamzerut

 

Shalom and thank you for your question. You wish to know basically, for how many generations does mamzerut continue, and does that Halachic (Jewish legal) status cease after said amount of generations?

Firstly, let us make sure we are on the same page regarding the Halachic definition of mamzerut. (Illegitimate child according to Jewish law.)  According to Jewish law, a mamzer is a child from a relationship which would warrant the punishment of death or of Karet, being cut off from the Jewish people. This could be someone born from a relationship of incest between brother and sister, or from a relationship between a married woman with a man to whom she is not married. Even if a woman is separated from her husband but did not yet obtain a Get – a Halachic divorce, and her legal husband is still alive, a child born from a relationship with a different man will unfortunately be considered a mamzer. This applies even if divorce proceedings have begun. In our day, since we do not have the Temple and a Sanhedrin, a special body with the authority to carry out Halachic judgement, we believe that G-d metes out reward and punishment in His own way in a person’s lifetime or in a different incarnation.

 

A child born out of wedlock to a woman who is not married does not have mamzer status, even though this is not a permissible relationship.This applies even if the woman was ritually impure, in other words, had not immersed in a mikveh, a ritual bath, after her menstruation and subsequent seven days of no bleeding. Even though having a relationship with a woman in the ritually impure state is also a sin punishable by Karet, the sages of the Talmud maintain that this is an exceptional case. Despite this being considered a less than honorable ancestry, it does not at all prevent the child from being allowed to marry even into honored families of Cohanim. (Members of the Jewish priestly tribe.)

 

Regarding the amount of generations, although it says in Deuteronomy 23:3 “A mamzer shall not enter the congregation of the L-rd (marry into the Jewish people), according to the principles by which the Torah is interpreted, we learn that actually, unfortunately, the prohibition does not end at all. This is on the basis of the next verse there which says: “Nor shall an Ammonite or a Moabite enter the congregation of the L-rd forever.” Since the 10th generation is mentioned in both of the abovementioned verses, we learn that the ‘forever’ applies in both cases as well.

 

The sages ask: “What is a distortion which cannot be rectified? That which comes about through the birth of a mamzer through forbidden relationships.” (Chagigah 9:2) A convert IS allowed to marry a mamzer, however their children will retain the mamzer status and be in the same position. Due to this a convert will be reluctant to enter such a marital bond, in order not to cause problems for their future children.

 

There IS a factor which makes all of the above a little easier to bear. Halachically, if a person’s lineage is not known for sure, there is no obligation to check it out. We are indeed living in a difficult time because the moral structure of much of western society has changed to the point where people have lost track of the basic family unit. For many people it is no longer a frame of reference. For this reason it is a relief that, as I just mentioned, there is no obligation to check out whether or not a person is a mamzer. It is also important to realize that aside from the marriage restrictions, there are no other distinctions between a mamzer and another Jew. He or she can be a scholar and a productive member of society.

 

If the mamzer is the result of a relationship between a married woman and a man to whom she was not married at the time, Rabbinical authorities should be consulted. If they find something wrong with the woman’s marriage ceremony, something that was not conducted properly according to Halacha, there may be a way to clarify the status as being kosher. In each case it is worthwhile to consult a competent Rabbi to clarify one’s status.

 

Jewish belief is that G-d created and recreates the world constantly, in order for us to do our very best to study the Torah and keep G-d’s commandments despite the challenges, and by virtue of these efforts, the world will be rectified totally and the prophet Elijah will announce the Final Redemption, when there will be no more discord and negative occurrences. We hope and pray that this will happen soon!

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